Cases

State v. Zhukovskyy, 265 A. 3d 27 (2021)

The State of New Hampshire charged Volodymyr Zhukovskyy with multiple counts of negligent homicide, manslaughter, and reckless conduct after a collision involving his commercial truck resulted in the deaths of seven motorcyclists. At the time of the crash, Zhukovskyy’s commercial driver’s license (CDL) should have been suspended due to prior DUI-related offenses in other states; however, a failure in interagency communication allowed his Massachusetts-issued CDL to remain valid. The Supreme Court of New Hampshire held that, although tragic, the State failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Zhukovskyy acted with criminal negligence or recklessness under the law. The Court found that the evidence did not demonstrate that he was consciously aware of the substantial risk posed by his conduct or that his impairment was the proximate cause of the crash. As a result, Zhukovskyy was acquitted on all charges.

N.H. DOT N.H. Pub. Emple. Labor Rels. Bd., 273 A.3d 368, 375 (2021)

The State Employees’ Association of New Hampshire, Inc., SEIU Local 1984 (Union), filed an unfair labor practices claim against the New Hampshire Department of Transportation (DOT) after DOT changed commercial driver’s license requirements where a state employee must obtain a CDL medical card and pay a medical exam fee if he or she is promoted, demoted, or transferred to a different position requiring a CDL medical card. The Supreme Court of New Hampshire held that DOT did not have the “exclusive authority” to adopt a new CDL medical card requirement for current employees, and that, therefore, the requirement is not a prohibited subject of bargaining. The Court also held that the new CDL medical card requirement did affect the terms and conditions of employment and that the bargaining of said requirement would not interfere with the government control of a public function. Thus, the new CDL requirement should have been the subject of bargaining.

State v. Woodman, 114 N.H. 497, 323 A.2d 921 (N.H. 1974)

State resident, whose place of business was in neighboring state, which required him to hold commercial driver’s license in that state, was also required to hold driver’s license issued by home state to operate a vehicle in such state, despite statute which provided that applicant for state driver’s license had to surrender any other state’s driver’s license held.

Statutes

Adoption of Federal Regulations            

What Constitutes a CMV

Major Disqualifying Offenses

Major Disqualifying Offenses (Alcohol)

 Disqualification for Serious Traffic Offenses

Disqualification for Railroad Crossing Offenses

 Disqualification and Out-of-Service Orders

Identification of Conviction

Masking Convictions

 10-Day Posting Requirement

Other CDL Provisions

Commercial Drivers Licenses, Required, Exemptions, etc.

Resources

News

Broadcast Library

Traffic Jam: How Commercial Drivers Impact Human Trafficking in Courts

Course Description:

This webcast explores the complex and pressing issue of human trafficking (both labor and sex) through the lens of judicial leadership and commercial transportation. This session sheds light on how commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers can play a pivotal role in perpetuating and preventing human trafficking crimes. Participants are guided through foundational frameworks, federal and state legal structures, and real-world implications of trafficking. Emphasis is placed on breaking myths, spotting signs of exploitation, and fostering proactive judicial responses in local contexts.

 

Course Objectives:

After this course, participants will be able to:

  • Understand the forms, tactics, and prevalence of human trafficking, including distinctions between sex and labor trafficking.

  • Gain practical strategies for identifying trafficking indicators and effectively respond to cases in judicial and community contexts, and

  • Comprehend the unique legal frameworks affecting Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) holders, particularly the implications of trafficking-related convictions under the No Human Trafficking on Our Roads Act.

Come to Order – Episode Four

Come on the road with The National Judicial College Judicial Ambassadors as they educate judges on a wide variety of topics related to keeping America’s highways safe including CDL issues, masking, autonomous vehicles, human trafficking and more. If it happens on the highway, we talk about it here.

Episode Four: Autonomous Vehicles – January 16, 2025

In this fourth and final episode on autonomous vehicles, Judges Fowler and Williams-Byers analyze the probable cause and privacy issues that arise with autonomous vehicles. How are level one and two autonomous vehicles hindering basic traffic stops today and what happens if police stop a fully autonomous vehicle with no driver? Judges, listen to find out!

Come to Order – Episode Three

Come on the road with The National Judicial College Judicial Ambassadors as they educate judges on a wide variety of topics related to keeping America’s highways safe including CDL issues, masking, autonomous vehicles, human trafficking and more. If it happens on the highway, we talk about it here.

Episode Three: Autonomous Vehicles – December 30, 2024

In the third episode in our series on autonomous vehicles, Judge Fowler and Judge Williams-Byers analyze how advancements in vehicle technology could impact impaired driving cases. When do drivers have actual physical control over autonomous vehicles and what impact will a law’s use of the word operating versus driving impact a case? Tune in to find out!

Come to Order – Episode Two

Come on the road with The National Judicial College Judicial Ambassadors as they educate judges on a wide variety of topics related to keeping America’s highways safe including CDL issues, masking, autonomous vehicles, human trafficking and more. If it happens on the highway, we talk about it here.

Episode Two: Autonomous Vehicles – December 9, 2024

This episode of Come to Order continues the discussion on autonomous vehicles, focusing on level 4 and level 5 vehicles. The judges discuss the future of passenger vehicles at this level as well as commercial level 4 vehicles that are on the road today.

Come to Order – Episode One

Come on the road with The National Judicial College Judicial Ambassadors as they educate judges on a wide variety of topics related to keeping America’s highways safe including CDL issues, masking, autonomous vehicles, human trafficking and more. If it happens on the highway, we talk about it here.

Episode One: Autonomous Vehicles – December 2, 2024

The first of a four-part series on autonomous vehicles, this episode introduces judges to levels 0-2 vehicles in the autonomous vehicle taxonomy and discusses emerging legal issues starting to appear in courtrooms. Level 1 and Level 2 (which includes Tesla cars and trucks) are prevalent on the roads across the country today. Judicial Ambassadors Judge Thomas Fowler from Arkansas and Judge Gayle Williams-Byers lead the discussion. Hosted by NJC Communications Director Barbara Peck.

Fundamentals of “Masking” and Suspensions for CDL Holders in Traffic and Criminal Courts

Course Description:

The practice of “masking” violations or the unwarranted reduction of charges for Commercial Drivers in Traffic and Criminal Courts across America is fairly common. When CDL drivers are afforded these opportunities, they often lead to less safe roads and highways for all drivers and passengers. Additionally, the likelihood of more crashes involving CDL holders is increased, which often leads to severe injury or death. To combat this challenge, it is necessary for judges, as the guardrails of the judicial system, to be aware of the basic rules which govern CDL holders by reporting convictions and imposing license suspensions where required by law. This course will provide judges the necessary information and tools to identify, address and combat and respond to “masking” when cases appear in the courtroom.

Course Objectives:

After this course, participants will be able to:

  • Identify applicable Federal and state CDL/CMV laws;

  • Determine what constitutes “masking”;

  • Discover the unique definition of a “conviction” under CDL/CMV laws;

  • Summarize the major components related to Access to Justice;

  • Hone techniques designed to improve in-court caseflow management and identify CDL cases with potential masking problems;

  • Balance Procedural Fairness concerns to avoid federal masking violations;

  • Develop ethical and efficient procedures for handling of CDL/CMV cases in their courts.